Those English and Welsh cathedrals with monastic chapters in the medieval period were in consequence severely affected by the dissolution of the monasteries at the Reformation. King Henry VIII imposed new non-monastic constitutions, thus effectively founding them anew. The cathedrals involved were Canterbury, Carlisle, Durham, Ely, Norwich, Rochester, Winchester and Worcester. In addition, Henry created new bishoprics, and their cathedrals were also numbered among the new foundations: Bristol, Chester, Gloucester, Oxford, Peterborough and (while it endured) Westminster.